Retrofit damper system

ABSTRACT

A wireless damper include a register, a controller regulating the amount of air flow provided by the register, and a radio frequency communications circuit. The radio frequency communications circuit provides a signal to the controller to adjust the air flow. A register regulation mechanism opens and closes the register in response to a signal from the controller to regulate air flow through the damper. The register regulation mechanism can be a variable switch, that adjusts the amount of air flow through the damper or a magnetic latch. A battery supplies power to the controller, the register regulation mechanism, and the radio frequency communications circuit.

[0001] This application claims priority from U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 60/174,829, filed Jan. 7, 2000; No. 60/176,005, filedJan. 14, 2000; and No. 60/180,281, filed Feb. 4, 2000, the entiredisclosures of which are incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] This invention relates generally to building automation, and moreparticularly to a retrofit damper system for use in building automation.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Building automation concepts have been known for some time.However, in general, these concepts have been limited to largeindustrial settings or to custom-designed systems for luxury homesbecause of the prohibitive cost associated with conventional automationsystems. In addition, automation systems generally have been placed innew structures because of the substantial wiring necessary to implementthese systems. Retrofitting automation systems in existing structureshas been unpopular because, in general, the procedure is invasive andmay require destruction of interior surfaces, substantial rewiring,significant expense, and inconvenience to the homeowner or tenant.

SUMMARY

[0004] In one general aspect, a building automation system accommodatesexisting appliances at a cost that is affordable to the averagehomeowner or small business. In addition, the automation system can beinstalled in a home or a building without substantial rewiring, expense,or invasiveness. The automation system allows control of all associatedsystems from a remote location using virtual controls that resemble theactual controls of the appliances and have a consistent appearancebetween most interfaces. As a result, a user can operate and monitorsystems without having to be present on site and without having to learnhow to operate new controls. The automation system also can monitor theuse of all home appliances and provide this information to a monitoringfacility or a service provider. As a result, the monitoring facility orthe service provider can provide a service to the user at a time whenthe service would be most beneficial to the user. In addition, bymonitoring specific use of home appliances and user activities,companies can offer the user better service through the use ofinteractive coupons, warranties, improved maintenance, repairinformation, and interactive messaging.

[0005] In one general aspect, a wireless damper includes a register, acontroller regulating the amount of air flow provided by the register,and a radio frequency communications circuit. The radio frequencycommunications circuit provides a signal to the controller to adjust theamount of air flow. A register regulation mechanism opens and closes theregister in response to a signal from the controller to regulate airflow through the damper. The register regulation mechanism can be avariable switch, which variably adjusts the amount of air flow throughthe damper and a magnetic latch.

[0006] A battery supplies power to the damper, the controller, theregister regulation mechanism, and the radio frequency communicationscircuit. The controller may monitor a power level of the battery. To doso the controller may send a signal for transmission by the radiofrequency communications circuit when the power level reaches apredetermined amount. The controller may open the register if the powerlevel of the battery reaches the predetermined amount.

[0007] The damper may include a sensor for determining a condition atthe damper. The controller may adjust the register regulation mechanismin response to the condition determined by the sensor. The controllerreceives the determined condition from the sensor and may send a signalwith the determined condition to the radio frequency communicationsdevice for transmission of the determined condition signal. Thecondition sensed may be temperature.

[0008] The radio frequency communications circuit may be a radiofrequency transceiver.

[0009] The controller may include a processor. The processor may send asignal to the radio frequency communications circuit identifying thedamper. The processor also may determine if a signal received by theradio frequency communications circuit is addressed to the damper. Thecontroller may include a memory for storing damper identification. Theprocessor may determine if a signal is addressed to the damper using thestored damper identification.

[0010] In another general aspect, a wireless air flow control system mayinclude a wireless damper including a battery, and a zone controller.The zone controller sends a signal to the wireless damper to control theamount of air flow through the damper.

[0011] The wireless air flow control system may include a display onwhich the zone controller displays a message identifying that thedamper's battery power level is low or needs replacing.

[0012] The wireless air flow control system may include a userinterface. The user interface generates a signal and the zone controllercontrols the damper in response to the user interface generated signal.The user interface can be a thermostat or a computer.

[0013] The wireless air flow control system also may include a controlserver. The control server controls the zone controller in coordinationwith other building functions under control of the control server.

[0014] The wireless air flow control system may include a building airflow generation mechanism. The zone controller opens and closes thedamper in response to activation and deactivation of the air flowgeneration mechanism.

[0015] The wireless air flow control system may include a processor thatsends a signal to a zone controller to identify the damper. Theprocessor can determine if a signal received by the radio frequencycommunications circuit is addressed to the damper.

[0016] Other features and advantages will be apparent from thedescription, the drawings, and the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary automation system.

[0018]FIGS. 2 and 3 are block diagrams of a control server of the systemof FIG. 1.

[0019]FIG. 4 is a diagram of a universal controller of the system ofFIG. 1.

[0020]FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an exemplary communications moduleof the system of FIG. 1.

[0021]FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an exemplary retrofit plug.

[0022] FIGS. 6B-6D are block diagrams of a retrofit plug of the systemof FIG. 1.

[0023] FIGS. 7A-7C are exemplary screen shots of touchpad userinterfaces of the system of FIG. 1.

[0024]FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a distributed video network.

[0025]FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a retrofit damper system.

[0026]FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a retrofit damper of the system ofFIG. 9.

[0027]FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a zone controller of the system ofFIG. 9.

[0028]FIG. 12 is a block diagram of function blocks for home managersoftware.

[0029]FIG. 13 is a screen shot of the home manager temperature controlof the software of FIG. 12.

[0030]FIG. 14 is a screen shot of the home manager kitchen assistant ofthe software of FIG. 12.

[0031]FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a metering network.

[0032]FIG. 16 is a screen shot of a remote monitoring service.

[0033]FIG. 17 is a screen shot of a temperature monitoring interface.

[0034]FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a central locking network.

[0035]FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a security network.

[0036]FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a lighting network.

[0037]FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a heating network.

[0038]FIG. 22 is a block diagram of a zone controller and a heatingnetwork.

[0039]FIG. 23 is a screen shot of a home manager heating controlinterface.

[0040]FIG. 24 is a block diagram of an appliance control system.

[0041]FIG. 25 is a screen shot of an exemplary virtual control panel ofthe system of FIG. 24.

[0042]FIGS. 26A and 26B are block diagrams of a refrigeration monitoringunit.

[0043]FIGS. 27A and 27B are block diagrams of a refrigeration monitoringunit.

[0044] Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate likeelements

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] System Overview

[0046] An automation system, which may also be referred to as a buildingcontrol (BC) system, may be used to automate a home, an office, oranother type of commercial or residential building. In the residentialcontext, the BC system establishes a home network that controls,coordinates, facilitates, and monitors user-designated activities withinthe home. The BC system provides compatibility between external andinternal networks, systems, and appliances, and is modular inconstruction to allow easy expansion and customization. The BC systemcan be retrofitted for use in existing structures and legacy applianceswithout the need for drastic remodeling, added wiring, or complicatedinstallation/customization, and can be installed by a homeowner withminimal instruction. Professional installation and maintenance also aresimplified, so as to avoid the high costs typically associated withcustom home automation.

[0047] The modularity of the BC system provides for easy customizationfor either commercial or residential use. For residential applications,system elements may be sealed for easy installation, configuration, andaesthetic appearance. Expansion within the residential applications canbe accomplished by adding new modules to the system. On the other hand,for commercial or advanced residential applications, the system can becustom configured and expanded through the additional use of expansionboards, PCMCIA cards, or plug in solutions. Although the followingexamples are primarily described with reference to home applications,the described devices and concepts also are applicable for commercialuse.

[0048] The BC System

[0049] Referring to FIG. 1, an exemplary BC system is based around acontrol server 100 that manages a number of primary networks including:an internal home network 1 (e.g., a USB or Ethernet network), a videodistribution network 2 (e.g., Peracom AvCast System), a power linecarrier (PLC) network 3, a wireless radio frequency (RF) communicationsnetwork 4, and an Internet portal 5 (e.g., a DSL modem). BC systemdevices attach to the control server 100 through one of these networks,and each network services a different aspect of home automation.

[0050] The home network 1 can include a residential broadband gateway105 for high-speed interaction with the Internet and service providers.In addition, a number of computer systems 190 can be connected toprovide access to the control server 100 and between the computersystems 190. The home network 1 can be implemented using any LAN system,such as, for example, an Ethernet system. The computer system 190 can beused as an interface for controlling home automation and running homeautomation software.

[0051] The video distribution network 2 can include an AvCastsubcomponent 180 that plugs into the control server 100 to coordinatemultimedia activity between, for example, video monitors 182 and asatellite TV system 181. The video distribution system 2 also can act asan interface to the control server 100.

[0052] The PLC network 3 provides control of switches 171, power outlets172, and smart appliances 135. In addition, a number of communicationsmodules 120 can be used to communicate with legacy devices, such as arange 130. Retrofit plugs 125 also can be used within the PLC network toprovide communication with legacy devices. A number of differentinterfaces, such as, for example, touch pads 152, 154 and portabletablet 150, can be used to provide for user interaction with the controlserver.

[0053] The RF network 4 includes communications modules 120, legacyappliances 132, and interfaces 152 and 154. In addition, a universalcontroller 110 can be used to control appliances, such as a furnace 131.The RF network 4 can be connected with sensors 141, 143, and 145 tomonitor home utilities such as electricity, gas, and water,respectively. A smart thermostat 133 and a damper system can be used tocontrol and optimize home heating and cooling.

[0054] The Internet portal 5 allows access and control of the BC systemfrom a remote location. In addition, service providers may remotelymonitor appliances, usage, and security within the home. Newapplications and upgrades of existing software can be obtained throughthe Internet.

[0055] BC Controller/Server

[0056] The control server 100 is the core of the BC system. The controlserver 100 provides multi-protocol routing and supervisory control forcommunicating appliances and general purpose device controllers. Thecontrol server 100 is responsible for communicating with subordinatesystem devices while making data available to other supervising devices.The supervising devices include local user interfaces or Internet-basedremote interfaces.

[0057] The control server 100 features pre-configured control functionblocks or objects, in addition to user defined control strategies, thatrun on a real time control engine capable of executing combinational andsequential logic control. The control engine may be application specificor generic depending on the size and the intended purpose of the BCsystem in which the control engine is implemented. The control functionblocks executed by the control server 100 are designed to operate in anumber of modes, such as, for example, an away mode, a sleep mode, and avacation mode, among others. The control server 100 operates appliancesand subsystems based on the BC system's current operating mode. Forexample, when entering the away mode, the control server 100 canactivate the security system and turn down the heat or the airconditioning. In addition to modes that can be selected andtransitioned, “hard-wired” functions are provided to initiate actionsbased on recognition of certain external conditions. One example of suchan action is the flashing of red screens on all televisions and displaysin a home when a fire alarm is tripped.

[0058] The control server 100 also provides for protocol conversion. Forexample, if an attached appliance has a stripped-down protocol, thecontrol server 100 adds the missing elements to make the applianceappear to be compliant with a desired industry standard protocol. Wherethe physical layer necessary for communication with a device is notavailable in the control server 100, add-on units may be used to attachthe control server to the device. The control server 100 accommodatesmultiple protocols and physical layers through communications modules120 attached between devices using foreign protocols or physical layersand the control server 100. Similarly, smart modules, retrofit plugs,and universal controllers may be used to provide the function ofprotocol conversion. The control server 100 interfaces with any of thesystem graphic user interfaces (GUIs), PC networks, Internet, and allother portions of the BC system as described in greater detail below.

[0059] The control server 100 is modular in design and can be scaledwith regard to size, functions, and hardware desired for a specificimplementation. One example of a control server 100 is shown in FIG. 2.As shown in FIG. 2, the control server 100 includes a processor 200. Theprocessor 200 is connected to a board with a communications bus 202, anI/O port 203, and interfaces including a RF digital signal processor207, a 10 BASE-T interface 206, a modem 205, and a serial interface 204.The interfaces provide communication between the control server 100 andthe primary BC system networks 1-5.

[0060] The processor 200 also is connected to a flash memory 224, a RAM222, and an EEPROM 220. An optional power source (RTC xtal and Battery)230 can be used to power the control server 100 in the event of loss ofpower. A number of communication ports are connected with the variousinterfaces. The communication ports can include a 10 BASE-T port 212, aTELCO DAA 214, a RS-232 port 216, a RS-485 port 218, and a S-BUS port(or USB port) 219.

[0061] In addition, a PLC controller 280 and an EmWare Adapter 260 areconnected to the communications input/output port 203. These devices maybe configured on the board or as add-on modules. The EmWare adapter 260can be used to communicate with and control appliances or systems thatuse an EmWare communications protocol. Other adapters for othercommunications protocol or systems can be provided in an original deviceor as addDocket on, plug-in applications. A VGA controller 240 isprovided for connection with a PC caster port 242.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 3, the control server 100 also can beimplemented as a main board 300 with optional add on boards and PCMCIAslots. The main board 300 includes an Ethernet connection 301, a serialI/O port 315, and an optional slot for a PC card 305. Daughter boardsare connected to the main board using a system bus connector. A daughterboard typically includes an eight-way serial interface card and afour-way Ethernet card, with an optional slot for a PC card. The mainboard 300 can be implemented using a Motorola MPC860 PowerPC core 304, amemory (including flash 306, DRAM 308, NVRAM 307), and I/O including:Dual SCC channels with HDLC interface, two status LEDs, two Tx/Rx paircommunication status LED indicators, a debug RS-232 serial port, aPCMCIA slot, 10/100 Base T physical interface connector, an EIA-232serial port, an EIA-485 serial port, and an EIA-485 serial port with 24VPSU input.

[0063] External connections from the main board 300 include a singleRJ-45 connector 301 for an Ethernet connection and a number of RJ-11connectors for serial communications. The first RJ-11 connector 303 cansupport two connections for 24V DC serial communication for PLC 310 anda second connector 302 for an EIA-485 serial interface. The serialinterfaces on the main board 300 can use RJ-11 connectors. PLCinterfaces to the main board, as well as other boards, are made througha serial interface to, for example, external communications modules. Theprimary PLC interface 310 is enclosed inside the external transformerhousing that provides 24V DC to the control server.

[0064] Functionally, the Ethernet interface 360 to the main board 300 isthe primary WAN or broadband interface. Typically, the interface 360 canbe connected to a cable modem or a DSL modem and can provide a firewallto secure data access. The EIA-232 interface 350 is provided forprogramming and debugging of the control server 100 in the field. Thefree EIA-485 interface allows flexible customization of the controlserver 100 or connection to an external POTS modem, a serial interface(third party device), or a second PLC.

[0065] The control server 100 main board 300 can accommodate a number ofadditional EIA-485 interfaces (e.g., eight interfaces). The additionalinterfaces can provide connection to third party devices, such assecurity panels, lighting control systems, HVAC zoning systems, andothers. The additional interfaces also can be used for connection toexternal bridges, such as additional PLC interfaces, RF subsystems,communications modules, and retrofit plugs.

[0066] The Ethernet board (not shown) on the main board 300 includesfour 10/100 base T Ethernet interfaces. The four interfaces provideconnections for two secure LAN connections, one unsecure LAN connection,and one unsecure WAN connection.

[0067] The control server video board (not shown) can include thefollowing interfaces: video out/VGA out, video in, dual USB - printer,keyboard/mouse interface, IR interface, and PCMCIA slot (optional). Thevideo board provides video I/O as well as IR command transmission. Akeyboard and mouse combination can be used with the video board througha USB or USB-to-RF interface (in the case of a wireless keyboard ormouse). A second USB connector can interface with printers, digitalcameras, and other peripheral equipment. Functionally, the board acceptsvideo input and digitizes the video for use by the rest of the BC systemusing the MPEG4 standard. The video board also provides video output asa TV channel for broadcast on connected televisions within the home.

[0068] Universal Controller

[0069] The universal controller 110 is an optimized form of the controlserver 100. The universal controller 110 performs a single dedicatedtask, such as HVAC control. As a result, the universal controller 110includes only the input and output features that are necessary for thededicated task. The universal controller 110 can be used in astand-alone configuration with access through remote dial-up, Internetaccess, and/or a touchpad interface. The universal controller 110 alsocan be controlled and monitored by the control server 100. The universalcontroller 110 communicates with the control server through the RF orPLC networks or by directly wired serial communication. The universalcontroller 110 can be used to handle applications that are pre-packagedfor physical distribution, that have outgrown the capability of thecontrol server 100, or that have special features not handled by astandard control server 100. In addition, the universal controller 110can be implemented as a daughter board to the control server 100.

[0070] According to the example shown in FIG. 4, the universalcontroller 110 includes a processor 400 to which a memory 420 isconnected. The memory includes communications software for the remoteuploading and downloading of data and software for control of specificattached subsystems, such as, for example, HVAC control. The universalcontroller 110 also includes 16 analog/digital switches for receipt ofsignals from sensors. An RS-232 communication interface 430 is providedfor PC, modem, and other communication with serial communication portsof other devices. Twenty four relays configured in pairs of twelve areprovided as output 440. Each relay in a pair can be configured for anindividual device that is powered from a common source.

[0071] Control Modules

[0072] Referring again to FIG. 1, control modules (e.g., 120 and 125)allow legacy appliances that have already been purchased by a homeowneror commercial operator to be integrated into a home automation system.This is important because appliances are expensive and have relativelylong operational lives. As a result, appliances typically are notreplaced until failure. Therefore, for existing appliances to beincorporated in a total home or commercial automation system, aninterface is needed to allow communication with the automation system sothat a user is not forced to buy a network ready appliance. The controlmodules provide such an interface in a form that can be installed easilyby the homeowner or business operator.

[0073] In addition, manufacturers may not wish to sell devices that arenetwork/system compliant due to the added cost associated withoutfitting the appliance with the necessary software and controlcircuitry. Therefore, a control module can be inserted into an applianceaftermarket, or by the manufacturer, to provide network protocolcompliance.

[0074] Two examples of control modules are the appliance communicationsmodule and the retrofit plug. The appliance communication module acts abridge between the control server (or remote monitoring serviceprovider) and an appliance by providing protocol conversion that isspecific to the appliance. The communication module also allows thecontrol server to control the appliance. The retrofit plug provides forremote monitoring and diagnosis of an appliance, and is easily installedwith any appliance.

[0075] Appliance Communications Module

[0076] The appliance communications module 120 is adapted to be receivedby an appliance having an appliance controller. The communicationsmodule 120 includes a communications protocol translator. Thecommunications protocol translator translates signals received from acommunications media into appliance controller signals. The translatoralso translates appliance control signals received from the appliancecontroller into a communications protocol to be output to an appliancecommunications network. The communications module 120 also can include apower line transceiver connected to the communications protocoltranslator and a power line driver connected to the transceiver and theconnector. The communications module's connector is electrically coupledto the appliance controller. Alternatively, the communications module120 can include a radio frequency (RF) transceiver or modem forconnection to an appliance network. An example of the communicationsmodule 120 is shown in FIG. 5.

[0077] The protocol translator translates signals received from thenetwork into appliance controller signals. The translator alsotranslates received appliance control signals according to acommunications protocol to be output to the network through the modem ortransceiver.

[0078] A network ready appliance is also provided. The network readyappliance includes an appliance controller having a communications port.The appliance also includes a cavity, defined by walls, that is adaptedto receive the communications module 120. An opening in a wall of theappliance allows access to the cavity. A connector is attached to one ofthe cavity walls. A communications line connecting the communicationsport and the connector also is provided. The connector is electricallycoupled to the appliance controller or to the main power supply. Thenetwork ready appliance further includes a detachable cover providedover the opening to protect a user from electric shock. Alternatively,the appliance connector can be recessed in a cavity to protect the useragainst shock.

[0079] The communications module is described in detail in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 09/511,313 title “COMMUNICATION MODULE” which wasfiled Feb. 23, 2000, and is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0080] Retrofit Plug

[0081] The retrofit plug 125, shown in FIGS. 6A-6D, is a plug-throughdevice that is either attached in line with the main applianceelectrical supply or internally in line with a main control boardinterface connector of an appliance 130. As shown in FIG. 6A, theretrofit plug can be installed on legacy equipment by simply connectingthe retrofit plug 125 to the pins of the appliance that are used tosupply power to the appliance. As a result, a legacy appliance can beeasily incorporated into a network to allow monitoring and control ofthe appliance by a homeowner without the need for custom or professionalinstallation.

[0082] As one example of an internal connection, control signals insidecertain refrigerators pass through a marshalling connector connected tothe main control board. By connecting a retrofit plug to this connector,all signals within the refrigerator can be tapped for diagnostic data.The diagnostic data may be sent to the control server 100 that monitorsthe appliance 130, for example, through the PLC network 3. The datagathered from the appliance 130 can be stored by the control server 100or downloaded to a remote database maintained by a service provider.

[0083] In a standalone application, the control server 100 can bereplaced by a gateway connected to a PLC network. Data from the retrofitplug can be sent through the PLC network to the gateway. The gatewaytransmits the data to a service provider monitoring the appliance 130.The plug may operate as a stand-alone unit by equipping the plug with amodem to communicate with an external computer (e.g., as provided by amonitoring service). The retrofit plug 125 also can be equipped with anRF transceiver so that the plug may be incorporated in a wirelessnetwork 4 for monitoring and control of an associated appliance.

[0084]FIG. 6B shows an exemplary retrofit plug 125 that provides aninterface between an appliance's electronic control system and thecontrol server 100. The retrofit plug 125 has an outer housing 600 madeof, for example, an electrically-insulative plastic (class II) or (classI). The retrofit plug can include a number of couplers. For example, thehousing 600 includes slots 601 and 602 for connection with pins from theappliance 130, for example, on a power cord, that are used to supplypower to the appliance 130. Pins 603 and 604 extend from the housing forconnection with the mains that supply power to the appliance 130.Although only two pins and two slots are shown in the example of FIG.6B-D, additional pins and slots may be included as needed to becompatible with any particular appliance's power supply. For example, aretrofit plug could attach to a three pin connector by adding anadditional slot and pin for an earth connection or to a four pinconnector having two live pins, a neutral pin, and a ground pin byadding slots and pins for the second live pin and the earth pin.

[0085] The retrofit plug 125 includes a power supply 650 for supplyingpower to a measure and transmit circuit 620, a power line communication(PLC) transceiver 630, and a line driver 640. The power supply 620powers the retrofit plug's components (620, 630, and 640) by convertingthe appliance AC voltage (e.g., 100V to 264V and 50/60 Hz) to a 5/10V DCvoltage. The power supply 650 receives power from pins 603 and 604through lines 641 and 643.

[0086] The retrofit plug includes monitoring circuitry. For example, ameasure and transmit circuit 620 is connected to a current transformer610 to measure the current being drawn by the appliance attached to theretrofit plug 125. Other circuitry that could be used to monitor thecurrent drawn by the attached appliance includes a Rogowski coil or ashunt.

[0087] The measure and transmit circuitry 620 may include a processor(e.g., an ASIC, a DSP, a microprocessor, or a microcontroller) andmemory (such as an integrated circuit (IC) memory or a flash memory).The measure and transmit circuit 620 can simply monitor and report thecurrent drawn by the attached appliance 130. Specifically, the measureand transmit circuit 620 may monitor current draw timing, duration, andamount. In more sophisticated applications, the measure and transmitcircuit can be upgraded to perform bi-directional communication bytranslating between a communications media protocol used by the controlserver 100 and the appliance's control protocol. In addition, if theappliance's load current is measured, an indication of power can bederived from the square of the load current. Line voltage may bemeasured and multiplied by the load current to measure true powerconsumption.

[0088] The current draw data or power data can be stored by the measureand transmit circuit 620. The measure and transmit circuit 620 can beprogrammed to periodically send the measured data to the control server100 as part of a general monitoring function, such as, for example,energy management and logging functions. In addition, the measure andtransmit circuit 620 can be programmed to compare measurement data tospecific electronic signatures stored in a table in the memory of theretrofit plug 125. The measure and transmit circuitry can send messagesto the control server 100 in response to events which indicate a stateof the appliance 130 requiring some further action (e.g., shut offpower).

[0089] The retrofit plug 125 also includes a communications circuit. Thecommunications circuit sends data from the measure and transmit circuitto a remote processor, such as, for example, the control server 100. Thecommunications circuit may also receive signals from a remote processor,such as, for example, the control server 100. The communications circuitmay include a transmitter and a receiver or a transceiver, a power linecommunication (PLC) transceiver 630, and a line driver 640. Measurementdata is supplied to the PLC transceiver 630 and are coded for PLCtransmission on the PLC network 3. The PLC transceiver 630 operates aline driver 640. The line driver 640 places the measurement data as PLCcoded signals on lines 641 and 643 according to a network protocol.

[0090] The PLC coded signals are supplied by the retrofit plug to theexternal power circuit that supplies power to the appliance. The controlserver 100 monitors the external power circuit to receive the PLC codedsignals. In this way, the control server 100 can monitor appliancesconnected to the external power circuit and the appliances can exchangedata with the control server 100 or other appliances connected to thenetwork.

[0091] The control server 100 or a remote monitoring service is able toperform diagnostic interpretation about the appliance 130. In thismanner, the BC system can determine the health of the appliance, theappliance's current function (e.g., how many burners are on, ovencapacity, temperature monitoring in a refrigerator, and washer and driercycles including length), and device failure (including cause). Forexample, if a current signature or power usage for the light bulb in arefrigerator is detected as being active over an extended period oftime, the control server 100 can determine that an open door conditionexists and can generate a message for display on an interface 150 toalert the user to shut the door.

[0092] The retrofit plug 125 also can include a power-switching deviceunder control of the measure and transmit circuit 620. Thepower-switching device enables remote shutdown of the attachedappliance, for example, through the retrofit plug 125, if a situationoccurs that may damage the appliance if operation is continued or if ahazardous condition may result from continued operation. Thepower-switching device also can permit dimming and variable current flowregulation for remote control of the appliance.

[0093] The retrofit plug 125 can be designed specifically for aparticular appliance. As a result, the retrofit plug 125 can performsophisticated diagnosis, monitoring, and control specific to theappliance. Alternatively, the retrofit plug 125 can contain sufficientmemory that control data or programs can be downloaded to the plug fromthe control server 100 through the PLC network. The software and datamay be provided directly by the service provider. Software also may beinstalled in the field using a flash memory chip that is inserted intothe retrofit plug 125.

[0094] As shown in FIG. 6C, an optional battery 655 can be connectedwith the power supply 650 to provide power to components of the retrofitplug in the event that power is lost. The battery may be a rechargeablebattery that charge while the retrofit plug is supplied with power, ifthe battery is not in a fully charged state.

[0095] A serial port or other communications interface also can beprovided in the retrofit plug to provide additional communicationcapabilities. The serial interface may be used for connection withanother sensor to provide additional data about the device connected tothe retrofit plug 125. The additional data can be transmitted to aremote monitoring device using the PLC network.

[0096] Other types of communications media also can be supported by theretrofit plug. As shown in FIG. 6C a modem 670 is provided within theretrofit plug 125 to provide communication to a network through a phoneline. Alternatively, a wireless modem could be used for remotely locatedappliances where a phone line may not be available. The processor in themeasure and transmit circuit 620 handles modem dial-up to an externalnetwork and provides buffering for the two-way data transfer on line671. A phone line can be attached to the data transfer line 671 byadding a RJ connector in the housing of the retrofit plug 125. The modem670 does not have to be included within the retrofit plug 125, instead,the modem can be a snap-on attachment to the retrofit plug 125.

[0097] As an example, the modified retrofit plug with serial port andmodem can be used to monitor a commercial freezer. A retrofit plug 125is installed on the main power supply to the freezer. In addition, atemperature sensor is fitted inside the freezer compartment to measurethe freezer's interior temperature. The temperature sensor is attachedto the retrofit plug 125 using the serial port. The battery providespower capability to the retrofit plug 125 and its components. Inaddition, the retrofit plug 125 has a telephone modem. In this case, ifthe main power supplied to the freezer fails and the freezer temperatureapproaches 32 degrees, the retrofit plug 125 can sense the rise intemperature using the remote temperature sensor and dial the operator ormonitoring service to alert that food spoilage is possible.

[0098] Operator Interfaces

[0099] Operator interfaces that can be used with the BC system include,for example, single room touch pad, small touchpad, standard touchpad,portable tablet, PC, and web enabled phones. In general, the look andfeel of the operator interfaces is consistent between each interfacewhere possible, and may look as is shown in FIGS. 7A-7C.

[0100] Single Room Touchpad

[0101] The single room touchpad is basic in design and is intended forinstallation into a standard light switch box. The touch pad is capableof controlling at least two functions such as temperature and lighting.The single room touchpad also can accommodate an intercom forcommunication between rooms in the home. Through use of RF or PLCcommunications, the touchpad may be sized to fit in a standard switchbox for ease of installation and integration.

[0102] Small Touchpad

[0103] The basic functionality of the small touchpad is that of a homeautomation system controller or room controller. Where appropriate,colors and sounds can be used to catch a person's attention or to signalan alarm. An exemplary small touchpad 154 is shown in FIG. 7A.

[0104] The small touchpad 154 includes a display, such as, for example,a 2.6″ color TFT display. The display 701 shows the controls forlighting in a room. A room selection bar 702 displays the area that thesmall touchpad is being used to control. An arrow button 703 allows theuser to switch between multiple areas. Control bars are used to controlappliances within the area, such as, for example, a control bar 705 foroverhead lighting and a control bar 708 for a table light. The amount ofoverhead lighting can be adjusted by selecting the + or − buttons 706and 707 on the display. The side table light 1 can be turned on or offusing the buttons 709 and 710 on control bar 708. Additional controlbars, if any, can be accessed by using the down arrow 711. A back button712 navigates the user to the previous display. Selections can be madeby touching the screen using a stylus, a finger, or the like. Threebuttons are provided for controlling the display of the small touchpad154.

[0105] Standard Touchpad

[0106] The standard touchpad 152 is a sophisticated operator interfacedesigned for more enhanced presentation of information. The standardtouchpad includes a 4 inch, 320×240 pixel personal data assistant(PDA)-style display and is capable of displaying video images as well astextual or icon based images. It is also capable of presenting webcontent in the manner of alerts or breaking news items. The standardtouchpad 152 provides alarm and alert notification by means of color andsound, examples of which are:

[0107] Red-Flashing with buzzer—extreme alarm such as fire or intrusiondetection;

[0108] Red with beeper—alarm such as system fault or pre-defined alarmcondition (the two year old has entered the pool area);

[0109] Yellow with beeper—general alert such as hurricane warning orother weather or news advisory; and

[0110] Green with low level beeper—general information, such as clothesare ready from the dryer.

[0111] Being more sophisticated, the standard touchpad 152, which may bethe only operator interface available, is not bound to controlling asingle portion or subset of the BC system, and, instead, is capable oflooking at the whole environment controlled by the BC system. It also iscapable of configuring the system. An option for video display allowsthe standard touchpad 152 to present low-grade camera images such as,for example, from a camera positioned at the front door. A speaker andmicrophone can be included to provide an intercom with the videofeature.

[0112] The standard touchpad 152 builds on the display of the smalltouchpad 154. The standard touchpad includes a display 731. A roomselection bar 732 appears at the top of the display. The user may switchbetween rooms using the arrow button 733. Multiple control bars 735-738also are displayed. Additional control bars can be accessed by using thedown arrow 741. A back button 742 is provided for navigating back to theprevious display window. Four keypad input buttons 744 are provided forimmediate navigation to preset display windows and to manipulate thedisplay window 731.

[0113] The standard touchpad 752 can be mounted onto a wall and hardwired. The standard touchpad 752 also can be used as a portable unithaving a cradle for storing and re-charging the unit when not in use.

[0114] Portable Tablet

[0115] A portable tablet 150 can be used to communicate with the BCsystem provided that required connectivity options are available. Theportable tablet 150 is used to present all aspects of the standardtouchpad devices as well as more detailed configuration options. Inaddition, the portable tablet provides video and web browsingcapabilities. The portable table may have a 12″ display and may be usedin the distributed video network to control all televisions and videodevices. As a result, a parent could use the portable tablet to flash amessage on the children's TV—“its time for dinner.” The portable tabletmay be implemented using a web pad.

[0116] The web pad interface includes an applications bar 756 thatallows the user to switch between the various applications supported bythe BC system. A tool bar 75 for selecting specific features, such as,for example, a particular appliance to control, is provided on the topof the display. A room selector arrow 753 also is provided. The portabletable 150 is able to display a number of control bars (754, 755). A downarrow 758 provides selection of additional control bars associated withthe appliance, if necessary. A back button 757 is also provided to moveto the previous display screen.

[0117] Video Distribution Network

[0118] As shown in FIG. 8, a BC system includes a control server 100connected to a number of primary networks including: an Ethernet LAN 1,a PLC LAN 3, an RF LAN 4, an RS-485 LAN, a WAN (connected by a POTS orISDN line), and a video distribution network 2. The video distributionnetwork 2 includes a AvCast daughter board 180, a media caster module810, a cable caster module 820, and a web caster module 830. The AvCastdaughter board 180 plugs into a slot on the control server 100. TheAvCast daughter board 180 can include the following interfaces: videoout/VGA out, video in, dual USB—printer, keyboard/mouse interface, IRinterface, and PCMCIA slot (optional). The video board provides videoI/O as well as IR command transmission. A keyboard and mouse combinationcan be used with the video board through a USB or USB-to-RF interface(in the case of a wireless keyboard or mouse). A second USB connectorcan interface with printers, digital cameras, and other peripheralequipment. Functionally, the board accepts video input and digitizes thevideo for use by the rest of the BC system using the MPEG4 standard. Thevideo board also provides video output as a TV channel for broadcast onconnected televisions within the home.

[0119] The media caster module 810 is a digitally-tuned audio-videomodulator with user-selectable UHF or CATV channels. The media castermodule 810 is individually addressable. The media caster module 810allows signals from the control server 100 to be displayed on TVs 182 byconverting the video output from the control server 100 to a TV channel.The resulting converted signal can be distributed to a number of TVs 182using the cable caster module 820. Using the output TV channel, thecontrol server 100 can broadcast video data, virtual control panels,security camera video output, messages, alarms, and control interfacesto any connected BC system interface.

[0120] The cable caster module 820 provides bi-directionalsignal-splitting with 6 dB of amplification to compensate for cableloss. The cable caster module 820 distributes a video signal feed to anyconnected TV 182 while providing enough amplification to ensure crisp TVpictures despite long cable runs and signal-splitting.

[0121] The web caster module 830 converts SVGA and audio inputs to a TVsignal. The converted signal can be distributed to multiple TVs 182 andinterfaces (e.g., 190 or 150) using the cable caster module 820. The webcaster module 830 allows the data displayed on a PC screen 190 to beviewed on a TV 182. As a result, the TV 182 can be used as a secondmonitor for viewing, for example, web pages.

[0122] A gateway 105 offers broadband connection to a CATV system. Thegateway 105 connects with the control server 100 through the high-speedEthernet link 1 using, for example, a Cat5 cable. When used with thevideo distribution network 2, video signals can be routed through themedia caster module 810 and cable caster module 820 to other TVs 182using standard co-axial cable. In addition, the video signal from thegateway 105 can be fed directly into the cable caster module 820 fordistribution by co-axial cable throughout a building.

[0123] The gateway 105 provides a high-speed link enabling services suchas, for example, video on demand, from the CATV connection. Thehigh-speed link also provides a fast Internet connection for browsersoftware running on the portable tablet 150 or the 90. Services, such asteleshopping, can be provided through the video distribution network 2,if supported by the cable service provider. The gateway 105 alsoprovides a high-speed data link to the rest of the home network 1supporting real-time video capability. The gateway 105 can beimplemented as a standalone unit or as a plug-in module in the controlserver.

[0124] Smart Appliances

[0125] Smart appliances (e.g., 135) are network ready appliances thatcan be connected to the BC system without additional modification orinterfaces. Once connected to the BC system, a smart appliance can becontrolled by the control server 100. In addition, the smart appliancecan be remotely controlled through use of a virtual control paneldisplayed on a BC system interface, such as a portable tablet 150. Asmart appliance has either a communications module or a smart modulethat connects to the internal appliance controller to providecompatibility with the control server 100. The smart module and virtualcontrol panel are described in detail in copending U.S. application Ser.No. 09/378,509, titled “DISTRIBUTED LIFE CYCLE DEVELOPMENT TOOL FORCONTROLS” which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0126] Retrofit Damper

[0127] A wireless forced air damper for zoned HVAC control is shown inFIG. 9. The damper 900 is available in industry standard sizes toreplace floor, wall, or ceiling registers. The damper 900 communicateswith a smart HVAC zone controller 133 using wireless RF communicationssignals 901. A sensor 910 can be placed in the area serviced by thedamper 900 to report local conditions to the zone controller 133. Thesensor 910 communicates through the RF network 3, the PLC network 4, orthrough direct wiring to controller 133. Alternatively, the sensor 910can be included in the damper 900 as described below. Additionally thesensor can be a wireless sensor 915. The zone controller 133 can beimplemented as a stand-alone unit. Alternatively, the zone controller133 can be supervised by the control server 100. If incorporated in theBC system, the zone controller 133 can be controlled by any of the BCsystem interfaces, such as the portable tablet 150. In addition, homemanager software can be used to control zone controller 133 according toa number of predetermined modes of operation. Thermostats can beprovided to provide user control of individual zones within a building.Existing wired thermostats 155 can be coupled to the zone controller toallow user control of the HVAC system. Additionally, wirelessthermostats 157 can also be used. The wireless sensor 915 and thermostat157 can be incorporated into a single unit.

[0128] A block diagram of a damper 900 is shown in FIG. 10. The damper900 includes a register 1010 for controlling air flow through the damper900. An RF transceiver 1050 receives control signals 901 from the zonecontroller 133 and transmits status/sensed data to the zone controller133. A power supply 1030, such as, for example, a battery or otherself-contained power source, powers the damper's electrical componentsso that the damper is self-contained and does not require any additionalwiring for power. A mechanism 1020, such as, for example, a solenoid, aspring, a shape memory wire, or a magnetic latching mechanism, iscoupled to the register 1010. The mechanism 1020 actuates the registerto allow air flow in response to a signal received from the controller1040. A magnetic switch or latching mechanism having thousands oflatching cycles may be used as the mechanism 1020 to reduce powerconsumption and to extend the operational life of the damper betweenreplacing/recharging of the power supply 1030. For example, the latchingsystem can have one or two magnets. A capacitor can be charged from thebattery using a trickle charge. In response to a control signal thecapacitor can cause an induction, which actuates the magnet that holdsregister in one operation state. A second magnet or gravity may be usedto return the register to its other operational state. A variablemechanism also may be used to control the register such that theregister can be partially opened to regulate air flow (e.g., 100% open,80% open, 50% open, and closed).

[0129] The controller 1040 can monitor the power supply 1030. When thepower supply 1030 reaches a minimum charge threshold, the register 1010is placed in an open state so that the register 1010 is left in the openposition if power fails. In addition, the controller 1040 may notify thezone controller 133 that the power supply has reached a minimumthreshold. Once notified, the zone controller 133 alerts the user thatthe power supply 1030 needs to be replaced/recharged. Alternatively, thezone controller 133 may poll the damper 900 to send a measurement of thepower supply's remaining charge to the zone controller 133. Upon receiptof the measurement, the zone controller 133 performs the thresholdanalysis and alerts the user if necessary. A cover or door that isaccessible from the room is provided to ease access to the power supply1030.

[0130] When the fan unit on the air conditioner or the furnace is on, orwhen a preset condition occurs, the zone controller broadcasts a controlsignal to the controller 1040 to cause the mechanism to activate theregister 1010. In addition, the zone controller 133 may selectively openor close dampers 900 based on a control program, a mode of operation, orupon a request from a user interface. Drain on the charge of thedamper's power supply 1030 may be reduced by waiting until air flow hasstopped before closing the register 1010 to limit the force needed toclose the register 1010. A sensor 1060 may be connected to thecontroller 1040 to measure temperature at the damper 900. Themeasurement is supplied to the zone controller 133 as input to zone andcomfort control software operating in the zone controller 133 or thecontrol server 100.

[0131] The zone controller 133 is shown in FIG. 11. The zone controller133 can be implemented using a universal controller 110. The zonecontroller 133 includes a processor 1110 for controlling and monitoringthe dampers 900. A memory 1120 is provided to store climate controlsoftware and for operation and identification of the dampers 900. An RFtransceiver 1130 transmits control commands to and receives responsesfrom the dampers in response to the commands. The dampers 900 areperiodically polled by the zone controller 133 for status and sensordata. The data can be stored in the memory 1120 for analysis by theprocessor 1110 or the data may be transmitted to the control server 100for storage and analysis. If no response is received from a damper 900after being polled a number of times, the zone controller 133 notifiesthe user or control server 100 that the damper 900 is not responding andmay need servicing. An optional I/O interface 1140 is provided forconnection with external sensors 910. An RS-232 interface 1150 allowsperipheral equipment, such as a handheld unit or a modem, to beconnected to the zone controller 133. An RS-485 interface 1160 isprovided to connect the zone controller 133 with the control server 100.

[0132] Each damper 900 is assigned a unique HVAC control ID number. Thezone controller 133 uses the control ID number to identify a damper.Each installed damper 900 is dedicated to a single zone controller 133and rejects interference from any other controllers, unless released byan authorized security code stored in the damper 900. Initialconfiguration of the dampers 900 can be accomplished according to one ofthe following methods.

[0133] According to a first method, zone controller 133 is placed in aninitialization mode. Once the zone controller 133 has been placed in theinitialization mode, the dampers 900 can be powered up one at a time.Upon powering up, a damper 900 broadcasts a message with the control IDto the zone controller 133. Configuration software in the zonecontroller 133 acknowledges the received broadcast message, stores thecontrol ID, and prompts the user to identify the location of the damper.After the user enters the location, the zone controller 133 awaitsreceipt of the next initialization message and repeats the process untilthe locations of all dampers 900 are identified.

[0134] According to another method, barcodes can be used to configurethe dampers 900 upon installation. When the damper is installed, abarcode on the damper 900 is scanned using a handheld device with abarcode reader. The barcode encodes the control ID for the damper 900.After reading the barcode, the handheld device prompts the installer toenter the location of the damper 900. The handheld device thenassociates the control ID with the entered location and stores thisinformation in a table. Alternatively, barcodes identifyingpredetermined locations are placed in corresponding slots thataccommodate the dampers 900. The installer scans the barcode in a slotusing the handheld device. The installer then scans a barcode on thedamper to read the damper's control ID and associates the damper withthe location. After installation of the dampers, the damper control IDand the location data are downloaded to the zone controller 133 byconnecting the handheld device to a port on the zone control 133.

[0135] According to another method, a barcode identifying the damper'scontrol ID number can be peeled off the damper and placed on a locationsheet. The sheet is scanned to determine a damper's control ID numberand location. Once scanned, the data is downloaded to the zonecontroller 133.

[0136] After configuration of the dampers, according to any of themethods described above, the zone controller 133 controls the damperunits 900 through RF control signals according to the instructions ofthe zone controller's operational programming. The zone controller 133can broadcast control messages that are addressed to all dampers, to aset of dampers, or to a specific damper using the control ID numbers.

[0137] The above-described system is not limited to dampers. The controlsystem could be applied to other flow control devices, such as hydronicsystems using, for example, a valve instead of a register. Although theactuation devices and flow control mechanisms would be specific to theenvironment, the control circuitry and operation would be substantiallythe same.

[0138] Home Manager Software

[0139] The home manager software incorporates a number of fundamentalmodes of operation. Six exemplary modes are: a stay mode, an away mode,a bedtime mode, a sleep mode, a vacation mode, a wake-up mode, and acustom mode. The stay mode is configured to operate when the home isoccupied. In this mode, certain aspects of the home, such as comfortcontrol, are set automatically by the home manager. Other aspects, suchas lighting scenes, are independent of the mode and are set either bythe occupant or based on time of day occurrences.

[0140] The away mode implies that the home is occupied but no onecurrently is at home. When operating in the away mode, the BC system canoverride other programming, such as, for example, lighting control, tosimulate occupancy and to arm the security system. During operation inthe away mode, other system operations, such as energy saving control,can conserve energy by cutting back on hot water or comfort settings.

[0141] A bedtime mode (not to be confused with a sleep mode describedbelow) can be incorporated in homes that have children. The bedtime modeis used when the children have gone to bed but there are still one ormore adults awake in the home. Bedtime mode activates certain monitoringsystems, such as, for example, child monitoring, checking to make surecertain televisions and other entertainment devices are off, andalerting the adults if certain lights come on (e.g., the children'srooms or bathrooms). Using this mode, parents can monitor sleepingchildren or be alerted when children wake up.

[0142] Sleep mode is used to put the house to sleep. While in sleepmode, the BC system arms the security system, and ensures that all doorsare closed and locked, all lights and appliances are off, and thatcomfort settings are altered appropriately.

[0143] Vacation mode provides an enhanced state of security when afamily is away from the home for an extended period of time. In thismode, lighting and entertainment systems may be used to simulateoccupancy. Energy hungry systems, such as, for example, comfort controland hot water, may be reduced to minimum settings. Appliances may bemonitored for unnatural activity, such as, for example, activation ofthe coffee pot (which normally would not switch on in the morning if thefamily were on vacation). However, the vacation mode can make allowancesfor house sitters who periodically bring in the mail or check on thehouse.

[0144] Wake-up mode is a choreographed schedule of events that happensas the house leaves sleep mode and enters stay mode. A number of timedevents take place in the wakeup mode that can be customized for anyparticular residence. For example, prior to the alarm clock going off,comfort settings can be altered. If an HVAC zoning system is in place,the comfort settings can be adjusted in bedrooms and bathrooms first.Wake-up mode then increases the setting for the hot water heater, turnson the coffee pot, and adjusts other home systems in preparation for afamily getting out of bed. A typical wake-up schedule would include:determine wake-up time based on day and weather, increase hot watertemperature, increase temperature in bathrooms, shut off electricblankets, turn on the coffee pot, ramp up lights to simulate sunrise,activate wake-up alarm, turn on televisions for news, adjust comfortcontrol for whole house. This list is exemplary and not comprehensive asany particular residence has a unique sequence of events. Other featurescan be programmed into the mode as desired by either the user or theservice provider.

[0145] Custom modes also may be provided these modes may be programmedby the user, downloaded from a service provider over the Internet, orfield programmed by a service provider technician on site.

[0146] There are a number of hidden modes that are invoked by featureswithin the home manager. An example of a hidden mode is the fire mode.If a fire is detected by the security system, lights are adjusted to aidexit, doors are unlocked, gas to the house is shut off, the HVAC systemsare shut down, and emergency numbers are called. Other hidden modesinclude: distress (robbery), medical emergency, and appliance failure.

[0147] Architecturally, each device connected to the BC systemsubscribes to the various features offered in the house manager modesthrough priority blocks. Each feature responding to a mode has anassociated priority setting, for example, a security feature respondingto a fire mode has a higher priority level than a bedtime mode setting.FIG. 12 shows the relative positioning of the modes, the variousfeatures running on the system, the prioritization of each feature, andcontrol of the field device. Features shown as custom may requireadditional programming to interface to the home management software.

[0148] Each feature also has an associated set of software functionalitybased on the hardware components available. The BC system automaticallyfunctions as described once the hardware is recognized by the BC system.

[0149] Enhanced security beyond that provided by a conventional securitysystem is provided by the home manager. The enhanced security featuremay supplement a conventional security system present in the home thatis connected to the control server 100. Settings available in theenhanced security system include: armed/away mode, armed/stay mode,un-armed, system fault, medical emergency, police emergency, and fireemergency.

[0150] The settings for the security system relate to home manager modesin the following way. Both vacation mode and away mode invoke the awaysetting in the security panel. Both the armed/home and un-armed settingsrelate to the stay mode for the home manager. Although the armed/homesetting does not relate directly to a specific mode, it can be seteither by the existing security system or by the home manager on anindividual basis.

[0151] The home manager can set or receive any of the armed/un-armedmodes either locally or from a remote location (e.g., through a remoteuser or security service provider). Behavior of each of thesesub-systems is described below.

[0152] Gas Shut-off Valve

[0153] In the fire emergency mode, the gas shut-off valve shuts-off themain gas supply to the house. This feature can be applied to any form offlammable fuel, such as natural gas, heating oil, or propane. In allother modes, the shut-off valve is in the normal state.

[0154] Water Shut-off Valve

[0155] In all modes, the shut-off valve is in the normal state.

[0156] Lighting Interface

[0157] In the armed/away setting, the lighting interface can be set to apre-defined state. The predefined state can include setting individuallights on and off at prescribed times to simulated occupancy. Toconfigure simulated occupancy, the lights are monitored for a period ofone week, or as desired by the user. The light activity during this timeis recorded by the control server 100 and captured according to ahomeowner prompt to copy the activity. After the activity has beenstored in the control server database, mode the lights behave as theydid during the recorded period whenever the security feature is placedin the away armed.

[0158] In the fire emergency mode, perimeter (outside) lights are set toflash at a 50% duty cycle with a 1 second cycle time to attractattention to the home. In addition, lights designated as exit lights areset to a level prescribed by the homeowner. During system configuration,lights are defined as exit lights, perimeter lights, or normal lights.In this way, the homeowner can establish an escape route using thelighting. All other lights are shut off.

[0159] In all other modes the lights are set in their normal state.

[0160] Door Locks

[0161] Doors are locked in the armed/away mode, and are unlocked in themedical emergency mode and the fire emergency mode. In all other modes,the door locks are in the normal state.

[0162] HVAC Interface

[0163] The HVAC interface can include communications to a sophisticatedwhole house HVAC zoning system or simply a connection to a programmablecommunicating thermostat. In the fire emergency mode, the HVAC system isshut down to prevent smoke from being distributed throughout the house.In all other modes, the HVAC system is in the normal state.

[0164] Health Monitoring

[0165] In the medical emergency mode, any health monitoring equipmentthat is connected to a person on a routine basis can be activated (if itisn't already). In all other modes, the monitoring equipment is in thenormal state.

[0166] Child Detection

[0167] In the armed/stay mode, if a child is alone in the house, allcook tops are disabled from use without a password to unlock them. Inthe fire emergency mode, a security company is notified that a child isin the house. In all other modes, the child detection is in the normalstate.

[0168] Elder Tracking

[0169] In the medical emergency mode, the security company will benotified that a elderly or disabled person is in the house. In the fireemergency mode a security company is notified that an elderly ordisabled person is in the house. In all other modes, the elder trackingis in the normal state.

[0170] Security Cameras

[0171] Security cameras are accessible remotely by the BC system. Thecontrol server 100 captures a camera image and digitizes it for localdisplay or for access from a remote browser. Data compression can beused to save memory space. In the police emergency mode, the securitycameras are automatically set to record on a suitable recording device,such as a VCR, if available. In all other modes, the security camerasare in the normal state.

[0172] AVCast

[0173] In the fire emergency mode, all television sets in the house areset to the control server TV channel. The control server displays themessage “FIRE” on the television screens. If a location of the fire isknown, that location is also placed on the screen, for example,“FIRE—basement”. In all other modes, the AVCast system is in the normalstate.

[0174] Away Mode Monitoring

[0175] Away mode monitoring is not to be confused with the Armed/Awaymode described in the enhanced security section. Away mode monitoringrelates to the ability to monitor or control the home while away. Thehome manager supports a number of different hardware methods for thistask including a high-speed broadband connection as well as telephonedialup. In either case, the control server 100 provides firewallprotection against unauthorized access. Away mode monitoring is alsosupported by web enabled phones or phones with a mini-browsercapability. Any device with a browser can be used to access the homemanager to control or monitor any aspect in the home.

[0176] Appliance Maintenance

[0177] Appliance maintenance allows for remote access of applianceswithin the home. Appliances can include, for example, any kitchen orlaundry appliance, water heater, HVAC system, lighting, audio/visual,sprinkler, or comfort control. Connectivity to each appliance isprovided by a telephone modem or a broadband connection to the controlserver, or the like. The control server 100 acts as the interface to theappliances and serves as a firewall to prevent unwanted tampering. Allappliance control functions available within the home are allowed fromoutside of the home provided that the user is authorized to do so. Inthe event that a catastrophic failure is detected, a service providercan shut-off gas or water to the house to prevent an explosion or waterdamage.

[0178] Some appliances are capable of a certain amount ofself-diagnosis, such as detecting a clogged filter. Under theseconditions, the appliances can prompt the user to initiate repairs bydisplaying a message on a local user interface. In other instances, theappliance must be diagnosed either remotely or by a service provider onsite. The control server's role in appliance diagnosis is to provideaccess to data by a remote site and to provide any necessary serviceprompts locally. The service provider may shut off the appliance ifcontinued operation would damage the appliance.

[0179] Enhanced Comfort

[0180] Enhanced comfort control involves any aspect of home automationthat automatically improves personal comfort. A number of devices, whenconnected to the control server 100, can be incorporated into theenhanced comfort feature. Examples of such devices include HVAC control,programmable thermostats, a zone control system, ceiling fans, airfiltering, humidity control, and automatic blinds.

[0181] HVAC control encompasses the broadest aspect of comfort control.HVAC control also can be impacted by an energy management or an enhancedsecurity feature, if available. Programmable communicating thermostatsprovide the greatest impact on the ability to manage comfort in thehome. Fundamentally, the home manager communicates with the thermostatand allows the homeowner to program and configure the thermostat. Inaddition, other features within the home manager are able to override oralter the actions of the thermostat if needed, for example, when theenhanced security system shuts down the airblower in case of a fire.Under the energy management feature, the thermostat setting can beadjusted to shed load during high tariff conditions or when the home isunoccupied.

[0182] Zoning control is a feature that can provide benefit to virtuallyevery home. There are always instances where one area of the home ishotter or colder than another area. A zoning system uses temperaturesensors and variable dampers to adjust the temperature of each zoneindependently. The home manager supports two forms of zoning: hardwiredand wireless.

[0183] A hardwired zoning system involves dampers installed insideductwork communicating to the control server through a central HVACzoning package, or directly through PLC communications. Similarly, thetemperature sensors are connected to the control server 100 eitherthrough PLC or through the zoning package.

[0184] In the case of a wireless zoning system, RF communications areused to communicate to all temperature sensors and dampers. In thisinstance, the retrofit damper described above can be incorporated.

[0185] Main HVAC control can be provided through direct connection fromthe control server 100 to the HVAC zone controller unit 133 or to acommunicating thermostat, which in turn controls the packaged unit. Ifthe control server 100 is taken off-line for some reason, the HVAC zonecontroller 133 or communicating thermostat can revert to a conventionaloperation mode.

[0186] Other devices, such as, for example, ceiling fans,humidifier/de-humidifiers, air filters, adjustable skylights, andautomatic blinds can respond to an algorithm for comfort controlimplemented in the HVAC controller 110 or the control server 100.

[0187] Energy Savings

[0188] The primary method for achieving energy savings is to reducesettings or turn off large energy consuming appliances duringnon-critical times or peak tariff times. The away mode controlled by thehome manager system can lower thermostats, reduce temperature of the hotwater heater, coordinate HVAC and appliances based on peak tariffconditions by adjusting thermostats to appropriate extremes of thecomfort zone, restricting use of appliances to off-peak times, usingautomatic blinds and skylights to reduce HVAC demand, and synchronizingHVAC and hot water heater control with the sleep mode by cutting backtemperatures during sleep time and bringing them back up as part of thewake-up cycle.

[0189] Family Manager

[0190] The family manager can be used in conjunction with the away modemonitoring to allow family members to connect to the system remotely.The family manager manages family data and automates certain tasks, suchas, for example, maintaining the family calendar, maintaining a familyaddress book, maintaining a family task list with alarms and reminders,and providing a kitchen/laundry assistant. The family manager is capableof being sorted and searched in a variety of different ways. A familymember can access the entire family task list or just the member'spersonal tasks.

[0191] The family calendar contains events of the following profiles:single time events, periodic events (weekly, monthly, yearly), andalarmed events. Events can be assigned to one or more family members andcarry details such as start time, end time, and priority. The familyaddress book is segmented by family member and has annotations forentries related to, for example, family, business associates, serviceproviders, theaters, and shops. Closely associated with the calendar isthe task list. Tasks are assigned a degree of importance, time neededfor completion, and family member assigned to the task.

[0192] The kitchen and laundry assistant centers around maintaining aninventory of products in the home such as food and laundry supplies. Theassistant maintains shopping lists and supports e-grocery ande-commerce. A method for scanning products, such as barcode or RF ID, issupported to introduce new products into inventory and remove them whendiscarded. Discarding or use of an item can automatically prompte-commerce services for re-stocking. The kitchen assistant focuses onmeal preparation by recommending recipes or compliments based onproducts in inventory. The kitchen assistant also supports recipeinstructions accessed from Internet sites. A screen shot of the cookingassistant is shown in FIG. 14.

[0193] Home Automation

[0194] The home automation feature consists of a variety of modes thatcan be invoked from the stay mode, the bedtime mode, or the sleep mode.This feature consists of settings for groups of devices associated withcertain activities. There are a number of default modes plus a set ofuser defined modes provided by this feature referred to as activitymodes. Default activity modes include: television, reading, dinner,formal dinner, and party. The homeowner can add activity modes, such as,for example, gaming, for playing cards, or night swim, to turn on backyard lights.

[0195] BC Systems

[0196] Meter Network

[0197] The meter network and its link to the control server is explainedwith reference to FIG. 15. Water meter 1510 and heat meters (1520,1530)are connected with a bus 1501 output that allows the meters to benetworked via Cat5 cable to a bus master unit 1500. The bus master unit1500 converts the bus signals to a format readable by the control server100. The electricity meter 1540 has a pulse output that requires anadditional bus coupler 1510. The bus coupler 1510 accumulates the pulsesand allows connection to the bus 1501. Each coupler has pulse inputs forup to 4 meters. The bus 1501 has an open protocol such that any productthat conforms to bus standards can be connected to the network.

[0198] Ideally the bus master unit 1500 is located in the same positionwithin the house as the control server 100 and connects to the controlserver 100 through one of the control server's RS-232 ports.

[0199] The control server 100 allows each meter to be read by anauthorised external data collection service. As a result, a wide varietyof monitoring services can be offered, such as, for example, datacollection, data analysis, and payment. Such services benefit theend-user through improved visibility of energy usage leading to betterenergy management. The home manager software can display energyconsumption data and trends and to give tips for reducing consumption.

[0200] Energy DataVision (EDV) is an online data display package thatenables energy users to monitor energy usage patterns via the web.IMServ's data collection service arm remotely interrogates metes toaccess meter reads. Each meter has an identification number assigned toit. The monitoring services is given an access code to log into thecontrol server 100 and use the EDV system to create a variety of reportsregarding energy usage for the building. EDV can graph usage trends frommonth-to-month, day-to-day, date-to-date, hour-to-hour. An example of anEDV screen shot is shown in FIG. 16.

[0201] Commercial diagnosis analysis is shown in FIG. 17.

[0202] Central Locking and Door Access System

[0203] The central locking system, shown in FIG. 18, includes an RF keyfob 1040, a receiver 1810, a motorized door bolt, and sensors to detectan open/closed door, door bolt position, and open/closed windows. A buscoupler 1830 is provided for connection to the motorized door bolt. Themotorized door bolt is activated and deactivated using the key fob 1840.The key fob 1840 transmits a lock signal and an unlock signal to the RFreceiver 1810. The RF receiver relays the signals to the control server100 to control one or more motorized door bolts. The motorized doorbolts also can be controlled using other BC system interfaces, such as,for example, a portable tablet 150 (through control module 120), a PCinterface 190, or through the Internet portal 5. A second bus coupler1820 provides inputs from the widow and door sensors to the controlserver 100 indicating an open/closed state of the doors and windows.

[0204] The control server 100 can interface with an existing door accesssystem by using one of the bus coupler outputs to trigger the doorcontroller (i.e., the opening/closing mechanism). The central lockingsystem allows the user to check that all windows and doors are in thecorrect position before automatically locking them. The same key fob1840 can be used with the door access system to open the common accessdoor either from inside or outside the building. This reduces the numberof keys that need to be used in any one location.

[0205] The key fob technology ensures security by appropriate coding.More than one key fob can be accommodated to allow each family member tohave his or her own key. On activating the close function from the keyfob, the control server 100 checks that all doors and windows connectedto the system are closed. A warning is given (e.g., by continuallyflashing the door/hall lights' if the all sensors do not detect a closedposition. If all doors and windows are closed, the system activates thelocks. After the locks have been activated another check is performedand if all doors have successfully locked and indication is given (e.g.,flashing the door/hall tight once).

[0206] In the event of a power failure, the doors remain secure but inthe event of a fire or other emergency they are easily opened from theinside and do not impede an escape route.

[0207] The home manager software for the control server 100 can includethe central locking features.

[0208] House Security System

[0209] A home security network is shown in FIG. 19. The required sensorscan be hardwired to an existing electronic security system 1900. Theexisiting security system 1900 is linked into the control server 100through a serial link 1901. Alternatively, RF controlled motiondetectors 1900 and smoke detectors 1920 can send signals to the controlserver 100 for analysis. The control server 100 provides telephoneconnection and web services that are need for the security system. Thestatus of the security system can be monitored by a remote server usingthe Internet portal 5, dedicated ISDN, DSL, or POTS service, or any ofthe home interfaces, such as portable tablet 150 or PC interface 190.

[0210] The existing network can be extended by adding the sensors to theappropriate LAN.

[0211] In this case, the home manager software can be customized toprovide specific system features tailored to the location. The securitysystem using the control server 100 can perform all standard functionssuch as intruder alarm (through door and window switches or motiondetectors) and alarm generation (either locally or remotely).

[0212] Lighting System

[0213] A lighting network for use with the BC system is shown in FIG.20. The lighting network comprises a lighting system LAN 2000. A numberof bus couplers are connected to the lighting system LAN 2000. Each buscoupler is directly wired to a number of lamps, switches, or sensors.For example, bus couplers 2030 and 2040 are each dedicated to a lampgroup, bus coupler 2020 receives signals from a number of switches, andbus couple 2010 receives inputs from sensors (e.g., motion and sundetectors). The bus couplers can be mounted in an electricaldistribution box with the loads and inputs connected through aconventional mains cable.

[0214] The lighting system LAN 2000 can be implemented using an EIB orother LAN. The EIB LAN uses a bus converter to connect the LAN to thecontrol server 100 using an available RS-232 port of the control server100. The lighting network can operate even if the control server 100 hasa failure. However, interaction with other systems, such as centrallocking or security, would not be available. A networked lighting systemoffers flexibility that allows the relationship between switch and lampbe changed simply by re-configuring the system. In addition, lamps,switches, and sensors attached to the lighting LAN 2000 can be sharedand controlled by other systems connected to the control server 100. Forexample, the central locking system can put the house into standby modewhen closed ensuring that no lights are left on when the house is empty.A light sensor can be used to detect sun rise and sun set so that thecontrol server 100 can control the lights in a way to simulateoccupation. Optionally, motion sensors can be used to switch lights offwhen a room is unoccupied or to switch them on when someone enters.

[0215] The lights also can be controlled using any of the BC systeminterfaces, such as, for example, PC 190, portable tablet 150 or througha remote interface connected through Internet portal 5.

[0216] Temperature Control System

[0217] A temperature control system is shown in FIG. 21. A heating LAN(e.g., an EIB LAN) can be used to control the temperature of rooms andprovide zone control. The heating LAN connects the control server 100 tocontrol valves, to room thermostats, and to room displays through anumber of bus connectors. Alternatively, the heating LAN can becontrolled by a universal controller 110 or a zone control 133 undersupervision of the control server 100 (as described in the nextsection). As shown in FIG. 21, the control server 10 communicates withroom thermostats through the heating LAN while bus couplers drive on/offvalves, proportional valves, and dampers. Alternatively, RF controlleddampers and thermostats can be used as described above with regard toFIGS. 9-11.

[0218] Linking the heating LAN to the control server 100 gives access tothe other systems so that, for example, the central locking system couldput the heating system into standby mode when the house is locked. Thewindow sensors used either by a central locking system or a securitysystem can be used by the heating system to turn off room radiators whena window in the corresponding room is open for longer than a certainperiod of time.

[0219] A network of thermostats and valves allows a comprehensivesoftware user interface offered by the home manager to effectuate zoneand profile control.

[0220] Zone and Profile Temperature Control System

[0221] The universal controller 110 offers a very flexible temperaturecontrol system that can be linked to the control server 100. An LCDtouch-pad 112 gives the user access to the system for changingtemperatures, times, and other system management functions. Theuniversal controller 110 is designed for mounting in an electricaldistribution box. The box can be placed adjacent to the control server100 or close to the valve/damper array for the heating system. Theuniversal controller 110 links to the control server 100 using an RS-485network interface.

[0222] The control panel 112 is wall mounted and connects to theuniversal controller through three sets of twisted-pair wires. Eachuniversal controller 110 has up to 16 configurable analogue/digitalinputs and twelve configurable relays output pairs. To add additionalinputs and outputs a second universal controller 110 can be networkedinto the system. Up to three control panels can be placed at differentpositions around the home. An additional power supply allows two morecontrol panels to be added if desired.

[0223] Once installed, the universal controller 110 needs to beconfigured. Configuration should be carried out by trained personnelusing a PC running configuration software. The temperature controlsystem allows up to 16 zones for either heating or cooling systems or 10zones for combined heating and cooling. For example, each room in thehouse could be configured as a single zone. A temperature sensor in eachroom allows the user to set the required temperature and control thetemperature controlling a valve/register to the room radiator feed orair damper. For combined heating and cooling systems, a valve is addedto control the fan coil feed.

[0224] Each zone is programmed with a profile of temperatures by day ofthe week and time of day. As a result, only those rooms, which arenormally occupied at particular times or days need be heated or cooled.The control panel 112 allows the user to over-ride these profiles at agiven time. The profiles can also be over-ridden by the control server100 so that, for example, the heating system can be turned down if thecentral locking system reports that the house is locked and unoccupied.An outside air temperature sensor can be added to allow improvedtemperature control algorithms that account for ambient weather andtemperature conditions.

[0225] The universal controller 110 can interface directly with a firealarm system or individual smoke detectors allowing the universalcontroller to close all dampers and turn of the boiler and aircirculating fan upon detection of a fire.

[0226] A wide variety of other sensors can be added to complement thefunctions offered by the system. For example, CO, CO2, flammable gassensors could also be incorporated for home safety.

[0227] The universal controller 110 has a monitor function that allowscurrent status of all connected devices to be viewed. The monitorfunction can be made available to the control server 100 and to any userinterface (e.g., 150 or 190) connected to the control server 100,including a telephone connection. The home manager software can delivera Java file that is displayed using browser software on a local PC 190,or over a remote connection using Internet portal 5. An example of ascreen shot for control of the HVAC is shown in FIG. 23.

[0228] Networked Appliances

[0229] An appliance network is shown in FIG. 24. The networkedappliances can communicate with the control server 100 using PLC LAN 3.An appliance is networked simply by plugging the appliance into the walloutlet connecting the appliance to the control server 100 through thePLC network. As a result, no additional wiring or re-configuring isnecessary each time an appliance is installed or reconfigured.

[0230] Connecting appliances to the control server 100 provides a numberof benefits due to the sharing of data with other networked devices andthe connection to external service monitoring companies through a phoneline or Internet connection.

[0231] The home manager software is able to display virtual controlpanels for each appliance as shown in FIG. 25. As a result, theappliance can be controlled remotely under the supervision andmonitoring of a portable web pad 150 within the home, or from a remotelocation using the Internet portal 5. When combined with the AvCastoption, the home manager pages can be displayed on the TV screens in thehome. As a result, during advertisements, for example the user canswitch to the oven channel to see how the roast is doing. Theappliance's virtual control panel has the same appearance as thephysical controls panel on the appliance.

[0232] Service companies can offer remote monitoring facilities toreduce the cost of repairs enabling them to offer extended warrantycoverage for all such connected appliances.

[0233] Interactive Marketing

[0234] According to another aspect of the BC system, users' actions maybe monitored in order to provide better service to the users of the BCsystem. The BC system allows consumer and commercial marketingcompanies, for example, to understand what the users are doing in theirhomes at all times. An advantage of using the BC system to monitorconsumer activity, is that the user is not required to fill out surveys,report data manually, or otherwise change patterns of daily behavior inorder to permit the collection of data. In addition, the BC systemallows diagnostic information to be gathered to improve operation ofsystem components and build infrastructure systems within the premises.

[0235] Through use of the control server, communication modules, andmonitoring components, such as a smart module or retrofit plug, data canbe sent using the Internet portal, to service provider for monitoringand analysis. Using the diagnostic components of the system, themonitoring company can monitor use of appliances, systems, andcomponents within the home to determine exactly what activities arebeing performed by each appliance, including the exact time theappliances were used and the duration of the use. For example, anetworked washer and dryer can be monitored by a service provider todetermine what cycle the washer is in. When the cycle is finished thewasher display or user interface, for example portable tablet candisplay a coupon for detergent, fabric softener, or anti-static dryertowels. If the appliance malfunctions, the control server can turn offthe appliance before permanent harm is done and send a message to theuser service provider that repair is required. In response, the serviceprovider can supply instruction to the user for simple repairs that donot require a technician's assistance. In addition, merchants canmonitor the appliance's usage in order to provide better warrantees thatare based on the specific customer's actual usage.

[0236] RF tags can be used to improve appliance performance. Forexample, RF tags can be included in clothing so that the applianceinforms the user when clothes do not match the selected cycle. Couponsor and advertisement can be displayed for the type of clothes washed.For example, if delicates are being washed, a coupon for Woolite can bedisplayed. The advantage of the BC system over prior couponing systemsis that the coupons can be displayed to the user when the user can takeadvantage of the coupon. Additionally, food RF tags can be monitored bycontrol server to remind the user that certain food items are runninglow or are soon to expire or should be disposed of At the same time,coupons can be sent and displayed to user of those items. Alternatively,a shopping list can be automatically generated and sent to a shoppingdelivery service so that the user does not even have to order or shopfor designated items.

[0237] TV Channel Recorder

[0238] Techniques may be used to map the time of programming watched toidentify exactly what the television was tuned to at any particulartime. Because of the ability to catalog time and tuning the data loggedby the control server 100, market researchers can determine what wasbeing display based on the channel, location, and time. With thisinformation, market researchers can precisely determined whatinformation was displayed on the TV and determine specific viewinghabits of a household. If personal RF tags, key fobs, or remote controlsare also used then the control server 100 also can identify who was inthe room when the TV was tuned to the channel and determine who wasviewing a program or commercial.

[0239] Furthermore, the action of the TV channel recorder can becombined with an Internet activity recorder designed to monitor websurfing habits and PC usage habits. These features allow performance ofweb usage monitors of a nature substantially the same as the well knownTV usage monitoring services, such as, for example, ACNeilsen performs,but without intrusive use of logs or manual methods. It is even possibleto link radio monitoring through a suitably adapted radio. Thecombination of TV monitoring, radio and/or PC usage monitoring, andin-home activity monitoring permits unsurpassed analysis of ahousehold's economic activities. Prior to this, TV, PC, and homeactivity monitors were applied independently to various homes andstatistical methods were used in an attempt to extrapolate the observedresults to all homes of particular econometric groups.

[0240] No holistic, whole household view was possible because of theintense intrusion that the manual log methods imposed on a givenhousehold. A complete 360° view of household activity is possible (withpermission from the household) with the BC system. The integrated datafrom the BC system capture all of the media influences being presentedin electronic form. As a result, more sophisticated statistical analysisof household response to the media influences presented is permitted.True cause and effect analysis of advertising effectiveness can beperformed, which are far superior to current methods.

[0241] In the final case, store point of sale data from participatinglocal stores or RF tag data from tags attached to purchased goods or barcodes scanned from purchased goods can be used to close the loop onmedia influence measurement. Goods can be test marketed using variousforms of promotion, including electronic and print media known to havebeen sent to a household, known to have been viewed, surfed or listenedby particular household members engaged in known activities at knowntimes and the resulting effectiveness measured with unparalleledaccuracy without the distorted effect of requiring manual logs ofactivities to be kept by the household participants.

[0242] Retrofit Refrigeration Monitoring Unit

[0243]FIGS. 26A and 26B show a refrigeration monitoring system. As shownin FIG. 26A, a refrigeration appliance 2600, such as, for example, arefrigerator or freezer, can be retrofit to monitor for food properties,such as, for example, spoilage, and to alert the operator of therefrigeration appliance so that appropriate action can be taken, ifnecessary.

[0244] A refrigeration appliance 2600 can be retrofitted for monitoringby adding a retrofit plug 2650 (described above) to allow the applianceto communicate with a remotely located computer, such as, for example, acontrol server 100, a gateway, or a building monitoring service. Theretrofit plug 2650 includes an alternative power source, such as abattery, that allows the plug to operate in the event of a power failureor outage at the location of the refrigeration appliance 2600. An LEDindicator can be included on the outside of the retrofit plug 2650 toindicate a battery low condition. The retrofit plug 2650 also canmonitor the power level of the battery and signal a monitoring serviceor user when the battery should be changed.

[0245] The refrigeration appliance 2600 includes a compartment 2610,such as, for example, a freezer or a refrigeration compartment. A sensor2620 can be included or retrofitted to the refrigeration appliance 2600.The sensor 2620 can be retrofitted by drilling a hole in the appliance2600 to allow placement of the sensor 2620, such as a thermistor oranother temperature-sensing device, inside the compartment 2610. Aspecial seal or ring (sized to the hole and including insulationcharacteristics) can be inserted in the hole to act as an anchor for thesensor 2620. A cable or interface connection 2621 couples the sensor2620 to the retrofit plug 2650. The retrofit plug 2650 includes a serialor other port to accept the interface connection 2621. The sensor 2620provides data on the sensed condition within the compartment 2610, forexample, temperature, to allow the retrofit plug 2650 to monitorconditions within the refrigeration appliance 2600.

[0246] The retrofit plug 2650 can process the sensed condition andperform analysis of the data. In one example, the plug can be programmedto calculate the speed at which temperature is rising in the applianceto determine how long it will be until food spoilage occurs. Thisinformation can then be provided to a user or monitoring service so thatappropriate action can be taken. Alternatively, the sensed data can besent to a control server 100, a gateway, or a monitoring service toperform the analysis function. Temperature measurements can be taken inreal time or at intervals designated by the user.

[0247] The retrofit plug 2650 can be installed by connecting theretrofit plug 2650 to the main power supply 2640 of the appliancecontroller 2630. During normal operation, the retrofit plug 2650 can usePLC communication to provide data about the refrigeration appliance.Alternatively, other communications interfaces can be used. The retrofitplug 2650 also may include a communications circuit implemented by amodem or a RF communication device. In the case of a modem, a phone jackand a communications port 2655 are provided as shown in FIG. 26B. In theevent of a power failure, the retrofit plug 2650 can alert a user ormonitoring service that power is out. The retrofit plug 2650 also maydial a repair service if it is determined that there is a malfunctionwithin the refrigeration appliance 2600. The retrofit plug also monitorsthe temperature within compartment 2610 and can provide an estimation ofhow long until food spoilage occurs. The estimate can be updated ifsensed conditions within the compartment 2610 change. The retrofit plug2650 also can perform other analyses. For example, if it is determinedthat the compressor is on longer than expected, combined with a risingtemperature in the compartment, the retrofit plug may determine that adoor open condition has occurred and may provide a message to the useror monitoring service of the open door condition.

[0248] Even if power is not lost, if the compartment 2610 reaches apredetermined temperature, the retrofit plug 2650 may perform certainactions. For example, the retrofit plug 2650 may call using the modem,or transmit using the RF device, a monitoring service, the operator ofthe device, or a controller, such as a control server, to indicate thatfood spoilage is immanent or how long until spoilage will occur.Alternatively, a repair service can be contacted to fix the problemassociated with the refrigeration appliance. The retrofit plug itself,as described above, can supply diagnostic data to aid in repair of theappliance, if necessary. In this way, food can be monitored and spoilageprevented to save an operator the cost of replacing the food. Inaddition, liability issues can be reduced by keeping records thatalthough power was lost, or the refrigeration appliance malfunctioned,food temperature was maintained at an adequate level such that spoilagedid not occur. The retrofit plug 2650 may simply provide the temperatureor other power monitoring data to a control server, gateway, ormonitoring service, which can perform analysis of the data and determineif any action is necessary. For example, if used in conjunction with thecontrol server 100, a message can be displayed on a user interface thatthe freezer is not working, the door has been left open, or that arepair service should be called.

[0249] As shown in FIG. 27A, in place of a retrofit a plug, a box 2700can attach to the outside of refrigeration appliance 2600 (or thecompartment 2610). According to one implementation, the unit 2700 can beimplemented using a communications module (described above). In theimplementation shown in FIG. 27A, a hole is cut and the unit with sensor2705 is inserted into the hole. A suitable seal is provided to ensureadequate refrigeration is maintained. The unit 2700 can use the seal toseat itself on the refrigeration appliance 2600. Other means offastening, such as, for example, adhesive, bolts, or screws also can beused. The seal may be inserted in the hole or be provided as part of theunit 2700 and sensor 2705.

[0250] The unit 2700 attaches to a power line 2601 to provide power toall components of the unit 2700. In addition, a back-up power source2710, such as, for example, a battery is included to provide power incase of main power loss or outage. An external LED or some otherindicator may be provided on the unit 2700 to alert the operator of alow battery condition.

[0251] A small processor or monitoring circuit 2720 monitors temperatureinside the refrigeration appliance 2600. The monitor circuit 2720 isconnected with a communications circuit 2730. The communications circuit2730 can be implemented using, for example, a wireless transceiver, awireless transmitter, or a modem. The communications circuit 2730 caninclude a phone jack for connection to a phone line 2735, if a modem isused. In the case of a temperature event, the unit 2700 is programmed(by external device such as a key pad with an interface, through themodem, or by insertion of a memory chip, such as a flash memory) with anumber to call to alert an operator or monitoring company of thetemperature or condition within the appliance, indicating that foodspoilage will occur without intervention. Alternatively, if a wirelesscommunication device is used, a message could be sent to a gateway, acontrol server, or a communication link to alert a user or monitoringservice of the temperature event. The monitoring circuit 2730 also canbe programmed to perform all of the monitoring function and analysisthat is provided by the retrofit plug or communications module.

[0252] The sensor 2705 and unit 2700 also can be implemented as separateunits connected by a cord or other interface 2704 as shown in FIG. 27B.The unit 2700 can be mounted on the refrigeration appliance 2600 usingan adhesive or using a form of attachment, such as, for example, screws,bolts, or other means of fastening.

[0253] A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, itwill be understood that various modifications may be made. For example,advantageous results still could be achieved if steps of the disclosedtechniques were performed in a different order and/or if components inthe disclosed systems were combined in a different manner and/orreplaced or supplemented by other components. Accordingly, otherimplementations are within the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A wireless damper comprising: a register; acontroller regulating the amount of air flow provided by the register;and a radio frequency communications circuit, wherein the radiofrequency communications circuit provides a signal to the controller toadjust the amount of air flow provided by the register.
 2. The damper ofclaim 1 further comprising a register regulation mechanism connectedbetween the register and the controller, wherein the regulationmechanism opens and closes the register in response to a signal from thecontroller to regulate air flow through the damper.
 3. The damper ofclaim 2 wherein the register regulation mechanism comprises a variableswitch which variably adjusts the amount of air flow through the damper.4. The damper of claim 2 wherein the register regulation mechanismcomprises a magnetic latch which opens and closes the register.
 5. Thedamper of claim 1 further comprising a battery that supplies power tothe damper.
 6. The damper of claim 5 wherein the controller monitors apower level of the battery and sends a signal for transmission by theradio frequency communications circuit when the power level reaches apredetermined amount.
 7. The damper of claim 5 wherein the controlleropens the register if a power level of the battery reaches thepredetermined amount.
 8. The damper of claim 2 further comprising abattery that supplies power to the controller, the register regulationmechanism, and the radio frequency communications circuit.
 9. The damperof claim 2 further comprising a sensor for determining a condition atthe damper.
 10. The damper of claim 9 wherein the controller adjusts theregister regulation mechanism in response to the condition determined bythe sensor.
 11. The damper of claim 10 wherein the controller receivesthe determined condition from the sensor and sends a signal with thedetermined condition to the radio frequency communications device fortransmission of the determined condition signal.
 12. The damper of claim9 wherein the sensed condition is temperature.
 13. The damper of claim 1wherein the radio frequency communications circuit comprises a radiofrequency transceiver.
 14. The damper of claim 1 wherein the controllerincludes a processor that sends a signal to the radio frequencycommunications circuit to identify the damper.
 15. The damper of claim 1wherein the controller includes a processor that determines if a signalreceived by the radio frequency communications circuit is addressed tothe damper.
 16. The damper of claim 15 wherein the controller includes amemory for storing damper identification and the processor determines ifa signal is addressed to the damper using the stored damperidentification.
 17. A wireless air flow control system comprising: awireless damper including a battery; and a zone controller; wherein thezone controller sends a signal to the wireless damper to control theamount of air flow through the damper.
 18. The wireless air flow controlsystem of claim 17 wherein the wireless damper comprises: a register; adamper controller regulating the amount of air flow provided by theregister; and a radio frequency communications circuit, wherein theradio frequency communications circuit receives the air flow controlsignal and the damper controller adjusts the amount of air flow inresponse to the air flow control signal.
 19. The wireless air flowcontrol system of claim 18 further comprising a register regulationmechanism connected between the register and the damper controller,wherein the regulation mechanism opens and closes the register inresponse to signals from the damper controller to regulate air flowthrough the damper.
 20. The wireless air flow control system of claim 19wherein the register regulation mechanism comprises a variable switchthat adjusts the amount of air flow through the damper.
 21. The wirelessair flow control system of claim 19 wherein the register regulationmechanism comprises a magnetic latch that opens and closes the register.22. The wireless air flow control system of claim 18 wherein the dampercontroller monitors a power level of the battery and sends a signal fortransmission by the radio frequency communications circuit to the zonecontroller when the power level reaches a predetermined amount.
 23. Thewireless air flow control system of claim 22 further comprising adisplay on which the zone controller displays a message identifying thatthe damper's battery power level is low.
 24. The wireless air flowcontrol system of claim 22 further comprising a display on which thezone controller displays a message identifying that the damper's batteryneeds replacing.
 25. The wireless air flow control system of claim 17further comprising a sensor configured to sense a condition and providesan indication of the condition to the zone controller, wherein the zonecontroller sends a control signal to the wireless damper to regulate theair flow based on the sensed condition.
 26. The wireless air flowcontrol system of claim 17 further comprising a user interface thatprovides a signal to the zone controller which controls the damper inresponse to the signal from the user interface.
 27. The wireless airflow control system of claim 26 wherein the user interface comprises athermostat.
 28. The wireless air flow control system of claim 26 whereinthe user interface comprises a computer.
 29. The wireless air flowcontrol system of claim 18 further comprising a control server thatcontrols the zone controller in coordination with other buildingfunctions under control of the control server.
 30. The wireless air flowcontrol system of claim 18 further comprising a building air flowgeneration mechanism wherein the zone controller opens and closes thedamper in response to activation and deactivation of the air flowgeneration mechanism.
 31. The wireless air flow control system of claim18 wherein the damper controller includes a processor wherein theprocessor sends a signal to zone controller identifying the damper. 32.The wireless air flow control system of claim 18 wherein the dampercontroller includes a processor that determines if a signal received bythe radio frequency communications circuit is addressed to the damper.33. A wireless damper comprising: a means for regulating air flow; ameans for controlling the amount of air flow provided by the air flowregulating means; and a means for communicating, wherein the means forcommunicating provides a signal to the control means to adjust the airflow.
 34. The damper of claim 33 comprising a means for adjusting theair flow regulation means in response to signals from the control means.35. The damper of claim 34 wherein the air flow adjusting meanscomprises a variable switch that adjusts the amount of air flow throughthe damper.
 36. The damper of claim 34 wherein the air flow adjustingmeans comprises a magnetic latch, that opens and closes the air flowadjusting means.
 37. The damper of claim 33 further comprising a meansfor supplying power to the damper.
 38. The damper of claim 37 whereinthe control means monitors a power level of the power supply means andsends a signal for transmission by the communication means when thepower level reaches a predetermined amount.
 39. The damper of claim 37wherein the control means opens the air flow regulation means if a powerlevel in the power supply means reaches a predetermined amount.
 40. Thedamper of claim 33 comprising a means for sensing a condition at thedamper.
 41. The damper of claim 40 wherein the control means adjusts theair flow regulation means in response to the sensed condition.
 42. Thedamper of claim 1 wherein the communications means comprises a radiofrequency transceiver.